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Flag Conversions Meaning

numeric or '-' ). The conversion shall begin with a sign only when a negative
value is converted if this flag is not specified.

If the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign or if a
signed signed conversion results in no characters, a <space> shall be
<space>
numeric prefixed to the result. This means that if the <space> and '+' flags
both appear, the <space> flag shall be ignored.

Specifies that the value is to be converted to an alternative form.
For o conversion, it shall increase the precision, if and only if
necessary, to force the first digit of the result to be a zero (if the
value and precision are both 0, a single 0 is printed). For x or X
conversion specifiers, a non-zero result shall have 0x (or 0X)
prefixed to it. For a, A, e, E, f, F, g, and G conversion specifiers, the
# all
result shall always contain a radix character, even if no digits follow
the radix character. Without this flag, a radix character appears in
the result of these conversions only if a digit follows it. For g and G
conversion specifiers, trailing zeros shall not be removed from the
result as they normally are. For other conversion specifiers, the
behavior is undefined.

For d, i, o, u, x, X, a, A, e, E, f, F, g, and G conversion specifiers,
leading zeros (following any indication of sign or base) are used to
pad to the field width rather than performing space padding, except
when converting an infinity or NaN. If the '0' and '-' flags both
0 numeric appear, the '0' flag is ignored. For d, i, o, u, x, and X conversion
specifiers, if a precision is specified, the '0' flag shall be ignored. If
the '0' and <apostrophe> flags both appear, the grouping characters
are inserted before zero padding. For other conversions, the
behavior is undefined.

These flags are also supported by Microsoft with the same meanings.

The POSIX specification for printf() adds:

Flag Conversions Meaning

The integer portion of the result of a decimal conversion shall be
i, d, u, f, F, g, formatted with thousands' grouping characters. For other conversions
'
G the behavior is undefined. The non-monetary grouping character is
used.

Read Formatted Input/Output online: https://riptutorial.com/c/topic/3750/formatted-input-output

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