Page 51 - C-Language

Picture/formula taken from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row-major_order

Multi-dimensional arrays

The C programming language allows multidimensional arrays. Here is the general form of a
multidimensional array declaration −

type name[size1][size2]...[sizeN];

For example, the following declaration creates a three dimensional (5 x 10 x 4) integer array:

int arr[5][10][4];

Two-dimensional Arrays

The simplest form of multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional array
is, in essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays. To declare a two-dimensional integer array of
dimensions m x n, we can write as follows:

type arrayName[m][n];

Where type can be any valid C data type (int, float, etc.) and arrayName can be any valid C
identifier. A two-dimensional array can be visualized as a table with m rows and n columns. Note:
The order does matter in C. The array int a[4][3] is not the same as the array int a[3][4]. The
number of rows comes first as C is a row-major language.

A two-dimensional array a, which contains three rows and four columns can be shown as follows:

Thus, every element in the array a is identified by an element name of the form a[i][j], where a is
the name of the array, i represents which row, and j represents which column. Recall that rows
and columns are zero indexed. This is very similar to mathematical notation for subscripting 2-D
matrices.

Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays

Multidimensional arrays may be initialized by specifying bracketed values for each row. The
following define an array with 3 rows where each row has 4 columns.

int a[3][4] = {
{0, 1, 2, 3} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */
{4, 5, 6, 7} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */
{8, 9, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */

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