Page 133 - C-Language

Macro Type Value

63
LLONG_MAX long long int +9223372036854775807 / 2 - 1

64
ULLONG_MAX unsigned long long int 18446744073709551615 / 2 - 1

If the value of an object of type char sign-extends when used in an expression, the value of
CHAR_MIN shall be the same as that of SCHAR_MIN and the value of CHAR_MAX shall be the same as that
of SCHAR_MAX . If the value of an object of type char does not sign-extend when used in an
expression, the value of CHAR_MIN shall be 0 and the value of CHAR_MAX shall be the same as that of
UCHAR_MAX.

C99

The C99 standard added a new header, <stdint.h>, which contains definitions for fixed width
integers. See the fixed width integer example for a more in-depth explanation.

String Literals

A string literal in C is a sequence of chars, terminated by a literal zero.

char* str = "hello, world"; /* string literal */

/* string literals can be used to initialize arrays */
char a1[] = "abc"; /* a1 is char[4] holding {'a','b','c','\0'} */
char a2[4] = "abc"; /* same as a1 */
char a3[3] = "abc"; /* a1 is char[3] holding {'a','b','c'}, missing the '\0' */

String literals are not modifiable (and in fact may be placed in read-only memory such as
.rodata). Attempting to alter their values results in undefined behaviour.

char* s = "foobar";
s[0] = 'F'; /* undefined behaviour */

/* it's good practice to denote string literals as such, by using `const` */
char const* s1 = "foobar";
s1[0] = 'F'; /* compiler error! */

Multiple string literals are concatenated at compile time, which means you can write construct like
these.

C99

/* only two narrow or two wide string literals may be concatenated */
char* s = "Hello, " "World";

C99

/* since C99, more than two can be concatenated */
/* concatenation is implementation defined */
char* s1 = "Hello" ", " "World";

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